A new report says the demand on Ireland's healthcare system will increase substantially between now and 2030.
The ESRI says this is due to rapid growth and an ageing population.
The projections are based on estimated population growth - the first to be taken from Census 2016.
It says that between 2015 and 2030, the population of Ireland is expected to grow by between 14 to 23%.
The share of population aged 65 and over is set to increase from one-in-eight to one-in-six, while numbers of people aged 85 and over are projected to almost double.
It says demand for health and social care is predicted to increase across all sectors, with the greatest increases for services for older people.
While demand for public hospital services is set to increase by up to 37% for inpatient bed days and up to 30% for inpatient cases.